Global Enviroment transformed

Global environments transformed in a lot of ways, one was the explosion of human numbers, an unprecedented quadrupling of the world's population in a single century. Another was the amazing energy potential of fossil fuels. Next the great contribution to environmental transformation and phenomenal economic growth. The three factors were the foundations for the immense environmental transformations of the of the twentieth century. Quite Quickly, the 1970s and 1980s was a spark to developing countries as well. This globalization was great because is was stopping conflicts between countries.

Religion

In sections (740-747) I’ve learn about Religious vitality in the twentieth century. It was expressed in the spread of particular traditions to new areas and also in the vigorous response of those traditions to the modernizing and globalizing world in which they found themselves. To me Islam was one of the most interesting areas they emerged in the late twentieth century witch was permanently etched to Americas’ memory in he image of Osama bin Laden and the destruction of the world trade. In the Islamic world mostly women adopted the religions as man spread around to different parts of the world. Europe is a main one specially because they were all enemies of Christianity itself.  

The Globalization of Liberation: Comparing Feminist Movements

Chapter 24 talks about people witnessing the protest movements around the world, suggesting the emerge of global culture of liberation in the 1960’s. In the developing countries, substantial number of political leaders, activists, scholars, and students developed the notion of a “Third World.” They claimed to pioneer new forms of economic development, of grassroots democracy, and of cultural renewal. No expression of the global culture of liberation held a more profound potential for change than feminism. In the west, organized feminism had lost momentum by the end of the 1920’s, when most countries had achieved universal suffrage. Feminism in the South was not to different from the West females were known as “other.” The most impressive achievement of feminism in the twentieth century was its ability to project the “women’s rights are human rights.”

Accelerating Global Interaction

Chapter 24 concentrates on the twentieth century, when people mainly talked about the immense growth in international economic transactions that took place in the second half of the twentieth century and also continued into the twenty-first. In 1970's globalization started building up, United States and Great Britain had abandoned many early political control on economic activity as people were viewing the world as a single market. Globalization was huge in this years countries were diving up, Mexico was also part of it. Close business and manufacturing ties to the United States, grew much more prosperous then the South. But at the end, economic penetration, political pressure, and periodic military action sought to create societies and governments compatibles with the values and interests of the dominant power, but with out directly governing large populations for long populations for long period of time.

Dolores Huerta

After listening to the Audio i can say Dolores Huerta was such a great person. She struggle a lot in life specially after having eleven kids but never gave up, with her story Dolores made other woman's stronger. In the Audio she talks about her organization helping out undocumented farm workers. Adding to that her organization helped legalize one million four hundred farm workers. Economy is also one of the big points she brought up, she explains how the U.S.A dislikes Hugo Chavez because he did not want to cooperate with us. On the other hand Dolores brings up a good point why did we help Japan and Germany get back up after war when they haven't done nothing for us. Next she talked about Social Justice, as an example she used Hugo Chavez again because he was building clinics for the poor communities from the oil. And lastly Dolores talked about the future in her future she wants to see woman in more power. She wants to see woman have more control so they can stop getting rape or hit by man. But on her point of view things are getting complicated for the reason that girls are getting pregnant at a young age. Dolores hopes things get better because woman deserve to have the same rights as man.

Postal-colonial African and Asian

Chapter 23 talks about the struggles of independence in South Africa and how it compares to the situation in India gaining independence as well. Nelson Mandela was an important person in Africa, he always fought against white domination as well as black domination. Nelson Mandela became South Africa's nationalist leader, his main goal after becoming the leader was to overthrow the apartheid government of his country. Mandela spent about twenty seven years in prison but once he was released he was able to give out a speech and later on South Africa held their first election in which both whites and blacks were able to vote. That election made Mandela the country's first black African president. Although there were many struggles to gain independence they were capable of going through it. On the other hand, Ghandi was born in western India and while being in South Africa he experienced racism for the first time and from then became involved in organizing Indians who were mostly muslims to protest for the country's policies of racial segregation. He was also recognized and admired in the global struggle against the colonial rule.

Chapter 22

Global communism seemed to have been influenced by Karl Marx in the nineteenth century. A lot of European socialist believed that they were able to achieve their goals through the democratic process. Many people during this period wanted to be known as a  “communist” in the late 1900’s but this led a revolution in Europe. Russia was one of the countries to be involved in the revolution during the communist era. The Soviet Union also joined the revolution and united themselves with Russia.  As time passed by, there was a point where communism was very high and most of the world’s population was being governed by communist regimes. The most important communist societies were the USSR and China but it also managed to spread to the eastern side of Europe, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Cuba, Afghanistan. As we can see communism spread in a lot of countries in Europe and parties took control in many different areas.

Industrial revolution

Industrial revolution became a important impact for all societies with an increase of goods and services for the people. The industrial revolution did have some problems but it helped the people become more aware and understanding of what they were expected to go through. It first began in Britain and it helped in an influential way. Britain's political life encouraged commercialization and economic change. Britain already had enough coal and iron and became an easier reach of major industrial centers. The revolution changed the country completely such as their city life, social class structure, and Britain's power amongst other countries as well as their production of machinery.  The industrial revolution was a positive era to have occurred in Britain. Although in the beginning it appeared to bring no benefits at all for the country as time went by the negative effects of the revolution helped them improve day by day. In the end Britain grew to become the most powerful manufacturing nation and economically they were the strongest country in all Europe.

Revolutions

This chapter is mainly on the Atlantic Revolutions. What i thought was interesting about the Atlantic Revolutionaries they shared a set of common ideas. We know the atlantic became a useful resource for cultural exchange but the ideas that were going across the ocean were in newspapers, books, and pamphlets. Ideas weren't only sent through these sources but there were also new ideas of liberty, equality, free trade, religious tolerance, republicanism, and human rationality. A little bit of everything was shared during the time. Many of these ideas seem to generate controversial amongst the people. Throughout the chapter i learn more about the American Revolution, the French Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, and lastly about the Spanish American Revolutions and what were the causes of them. As we read through the book we are able to see that the American Revolution as a conflict between the united thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The French Revolution had conflicts in their own society and offended many of them and it lead to be more violent then the American Revolution. The Haitian revolution was a conflict with the French colony of Saint Domingue and lastly the Spanish American Revolutions which took place in spanish and portuguese colonies and their revolutions took place in events in North America. Overall, by the end of the chapter we learn that these revolutions benefited from them and supported themselves as well especially because in the end it was a representation to the new world.

revolution and enlightenment

In Chap 16 I thought the telescope build in the senventeeth century by Johannes Kepler was interesting because he observed sunspots, or blemishes, move across the face of the sun. It's incredible how in does days someone was that smart to create a telescope and was questioning him self about the world and the things around him.

Religion and science

In this chapter it mainly focuses on the globalization of Christianity and also the start of the Protestant Reformation which began in 1517. Christianity was limited to Europe in the beginning of the early modern era. But as years went by during the fifteen hundreds it started spreading to Spain and England in the wet to Russia in the east, with small communities in Egypt, Ethiopia, southern India, and lastly Central Asia. Christianity was seen as the center of trouble for these countries but following christianity came along the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation began when Martin Luther declared a debate about abuses within the Roman Catholic Church by posting up a document, know as Ninety-five theses on the door of a church. This document wasn't really knew to anybody because people were already aware of the corruption of clergy men and church life during the time. Martin Luther's protest became revolutionary during the time but it did lead a challenge for the church authority which questioned the postion of a clergy and also the pope. This protest not only challenged the Catholic church but also the world of Catholic Christendom especially because it created tensions politically, economically, and lastly religious differences. Overall, Christianity motivated Europe politically and economically by expanding and became beneficial for them too. Christianity became a religion which many countries around the world somehow had to adapt too even through the revolutionary problems that occurred.

Early Modern Commerce in products

This chapter mainly focuses on the different trade routes that were being used throughout the world by different continents, trading their resources from one country to another. Commerce came along for the empires and became a big movement for globalization. Commerce between countries allowed new relationships to occur among the people, enriched some, disrupted old patterns empires had, and some countries even enslaved people. Vasco de Gama and his Portugese successors sailed the arena of Indian Ocean commerce, the portuguese believed that trading would be peaceful and valuable between other countries but the reality was that the European trade goods were raw and unattractive in Asian markets. As we can see Vasco de Gama and his followers didn't care the situation they were going to put themselves while looking for the right trade routes,  as long as they were in search of trading what they had that's all they would care about especially because for them it was an experience going on a journey and were brave enough to do it.  The most important trading source that became very significant was trading silver especially because it gave birth to a global network of exchange. Spanish america produced about 85% of the world's silver during the modern era, I found this very interesting. Overall, the idea of this chapter is how commerce worked within the countries during the time

Empires and Ecounters

Throughout the first reading of the chapter i learn about the expansion of both the Russian and Asian empires while expanding in the Americas as well. In the first sentences of the chapter i learn that the European empires in the Americas were never left alone they always had someone to defend them. Russians were known as empires that constructed the world's largest territorial empire, which made Russia an Asian and gaining European power. The Quin dynasty went deep into Inner Asia, while it helped the country double its size. Meanwhile, millions of non-Chinese people were being brought into China practicing religion throughout the country such as Islam, Buddhism, and animistic religions. On the other hand the Mughal empire brought the Hindus and Muslims to a closer relationship than what they had before even though there were good and bad issues between the two. The Ottomon empire put together the political unity of Islam and gave them the opportunity to obtain military and religious threats. Overall, throughout this chapter we are able to see the European expansion, although everything wasn't as smooth as it could have been for the Europeans and empires.